Living with Type II Diabetes
by Joyce Remy
Did you know that about 18 million Americans have diabetes? It is particularly common in older adults, with as many as one in six people over the age of 65 affected.
Diabetes is a disorder caused by a disturbance in the action of a hormone called insulin, which helps the body efficiently digest carbohydrates, fat and protein. When the amount of insulin is inadequate to handle the amount of blood sugar, many health problems can result. There are two types of diabetes. Type II (also called "maturity onset diabetes") is most common in older adults.
A physician may first suspect that a person has diabetes if certain symptoms are present. These signs include: - fatigue
- increased thirst
- frequent urination
- increased appetite
- blurred vision
- infections that are slow to heal.
Medical tests are used to confirm the diagnosis. It is important that diabetes be detected early so that it can be treated to avoid or lessen the complications that can accompany the condition.
Note: Most people who develop Type II diabetes will first have what is called pre-diabetes, when blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Pre-diabetes should be seen as a "wake-up call" a sign that lifestyle changes are in order right away, which may avoid full-blown diabetes.
What are the Complications of Diabetes?
Here are some additional things you should know about diabetes in older adults. Diabetes can eventually affect many parts of the body. Possible complications include: - increased risk of infections, especially of the skin and urinary tract
- nerve damage, resulting in pain and/or loss of sensation
- eye problems resulting in impaired vision
- kidney failure
- heart and circulatory system disease
- problems of the extremities, especially the feet.
How Is Diabetes Treated?
Each person with diabetes is treated according to his or her individual diabetes management plan, which is reviewed frequently and modified as necessary. Contrary to common belief, not every diabetic must take insulin shots. Some cases are treatable with oral medication, while others can be kept under control by means of weight maintenance, diet, and exercise.
To lower blood sugar and promote weight control, people with diabetes should follow the dietary instructions of their healthcare providers. This diet emphasizes complex carbohydrates and protein, limiting fat and simple sugars (table sugar and honey).
People with diabetes should also have periodic eye examinations, and special attention to skin and foot care. Social workers and exercise specialists can also help. Together, the person with diabetes, the healthcare team, and family members all work together to ensure the most successful care.
For More Information....
The American Diabetes Association website contains a wealth of information about living successfully with diabetes, including information about prevention, pre-diabetes, treatment, diet, and lifestyle issues.
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